rewrite_tag_filter

The out_rewrite_tag_filter Output plugin has designed to rewrite tag like mod_rewrite. Re-emit a record with rewrited tag when a value matches/unmatches with the regular expression. Also you can change a tag from apache log by domain, status-code(ex. 500 error), user-agent, request-uri, regex-backreference and so on with regular expression.

How it works

It is a sample to arrange the tags by the regexp matched value of 'message'.

# Configuration
<match app.message>
  @type rewrite_tag_filter
  <rule>
    key message
    pattern ^\[(\w+)\] $1.${tag}
    tag $1.${tag}
  </rule>
</match>

:::text
+----------------------------------------+        +----------------------------------------------+
| original record                        |        | rewrited tag record                          |
|----------------------------------------|        |----------------------------------------------|
| app.message {"message":"[info]: ..."}  | +----> | info.app.message {"message":"[info]: ..."}   |
| app.message {"message":"[warn]: ..."}  | +----> | warn.app.message {"message":"[warn]: ..."}   |
| app.message {"message":"[crit]: ..."}  | +----> | crit.app.message {"message":"[crit]: ..."}   |
| app.message {"message":"[alert]: ..."} | +----> | alert.app.message {"message":"[alert]: ..."} |
+----------------------------------------+        +----------------------------------------------+

Install

out_rewrite_tag_filter is included in td-agent by default (v1.1.18 or later). Fluentd gem users will have to install the fluent-plugin-rewrite-tag-filter gem using the following command.

$ fluent-gem install fluent-plugin-rewrite-tag-filter

Example Configuration

Configuration design is dropping some pattern record first, then re-emit other matched record as new tag name.

<match apache.access>
  @type rewrite_tag_filter
  capitalize_regex_backreference yes
  <rule>
    key     path
    pattern \.(gif|jpe?g|png|pdf|zip)$
    tag     clear
  </rule>
  <rule>
    key     status
    pattern ^200$
    tag     clear
    invert  true
  </rule>
  <rule>
    key     domain
    pattern ^.+\.com$
    tag     clear
    invert  true
  </rule>
  <rule>
    key     domain
    pattern ^maps\.example\.com$
    tag     site.ExampleMaps
  </rule>
  <rule>
    key     domain
    pattern ^news\.example\.com$
    tag     site.ExampleNews
  </rule>
  # it is also supported regexp back reference.
  <rule>
    key     domain
    pattern ^(mail)\.(example)\.com$
    tag     site.$2$1
  </rule>
  <rule>
    key     domain
    pattern .+
    tag     site.unmatched
  </rule>
</match>

<match clear>
  @type null
</match>

Please see the README.md for further details.

Parameters

rewriteruleN (required at least one)

This is deprecated since 1.6.0. Use \ section.

rewriterule<num> <key> <regex_pattern> <new_tag>

It works with the order \ ascending, regexp matching \ for the values of \ from each record, re-emit with \.

capitalize_regex_backreference

Capitalize letter for every matched regex backreference. (ex: maps -> Maps)

hostname_command

Override hostname command for placeholder. (default setting is long hostname)

log_level option

The log_level option allows the user to set different levels of logging for each plugin. The supported log levels are: fatal, error, warn, info, debug, and trace.

Please see the logging article for further details.

<rule> section (optional) (multiple)

• key (string) (required): The field name to which the regular

  expression is applied

• pattern (regexp) (required): The regular expression

• tag (string) (required): New tag

• invert (bool) (optional): If true, rewrite tag when unmatch

  pattern

  • Default value: false

It works with the order of appearance, regexp matching rule/pattern for the values of rule/key from each record, re-emit with rule/tag.

Placeholders

It is supported these placeholder for new_tag (rewrited tag). See more details at README.md

• ${tag}

• __TAG__

• {$tag_parts[n]}

• __TAG_PARTS[n]__

• ${hostname}

• __HOSTNAME__

Use cases

• Aggregate + display 404 status pages by URL and referrer to find and

  fix dead links.

• Send an IRC alert for 5xx status codes on exceeding thresholds.

Aggregate + display 404 status pages by URL and referrer to find and fix dead links.

• Collect access log from multiple application servers (config1)

• Sum up the 404 error and output to mongoDB (config2)

Note: These plugins are required to be installed. * fluent-plugin-rewrite-tag-filter * fluent-plugin-mongo

[Config1] Application Servers

# Input access log to fluentd with embedded in_tail plugin
<source>
  @type tail
  path /var/log/httpd/access_log
  format apache2
  time_format %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z
  tag apache.access
  pos_file /var/log/td-agent/apache_access.pos
</source>

# Forward to monitoring server
<match apache.access>
  @type forward
  flush_interval 5s
  <server>
    name server_name
    host 10.100.1.20
  </server>
</match>

[Config2] Monitoring Server

# built-in TCP input
<source>
  @type forward
</source>

# Filter record like mod_rewrite with fluent-plugin-rewrite-tag-filter
<match apache.access>
  @type rewrite_tag_filter
  <rule>
    key     status
    pattern ^(?!404)$
    tag     clear
  </rule>
  <rule>
    key      path
    pattern .+
    tag      mongo.apache.access.error404
  </rule>
</match>

# Store deadlinks log into mongoDB
<match mongo.apache.access.error404>
  @type        mongo
  host        10.100.1.30
  database    apache
  collection  deadlinks
  capped
  capped_size 50m
</match>

# Clear tag
<match clear>
  @type null
</match>

Send an IRC alert for 5xx status codes on exceeding thresholds.

• Collect access log from multiple application servers (config1)

• Sum up the 500 error and notify IRC and logging details to mongoDB

  (config2)

Note: These plugins are required to be installed. * fluent-plugin-rewrite-tag-filter * fluent-plugin-datacounter * fluent-plugin-notifier * fluent-plugin-parser * fluent-plugin-mongo * fluent-plugin-irc

[Config1] Application Servers

# Input access log to fluentd with embedded in_tail plugin
# sample results: {"host":"127.0.0.1","user":null,"method":"GET","path":"/","code":500,"size":5039,"referer":null,"agent":"Mozilla"}
<source>
  @type tail
  path /var/log/httpd/access_log
  format apache2
  time_format %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z
  tag apache.access
  pos_file /var/log/td-agent/apache_access.pos
</source>

# Forward to monitoring server
<match apache.access>
  @type forward
  flush_interval 5s
  <server>
    name server_name
    host 10.100.1.20
  </server>
</match>

[Config2] Monitoring Server

# built-in TCP input
<source>
  @type forward
</source>

# Filter record like mod_rewrite with fluent-plugin-rewrite-tag-filter
<match apache.access>
  @type copy
  <store>
    @type rewrite_tag_filter
    # drop static image record and redirect as 'count.apache.access'
    <rule>
      key     path
      pattern ^/(img|css|js|static|assets)/
      tag     clear
    </rule>
    <rule>
      key     path
      pattern .+
      tag     count.apache.access
    </rule>
  </store>
  <store>
    @type rewrite_tag_filter
    <rule>
      key     code
      pattern ^5\d\d$
      tag     mongo.apache.access.error5xx
    </rule>
  </store>
</match>

# Store 5xx error log into mongoDB
<match mongo.apache.access.error5xx>
  @type        mongo
  host        10.100.1.30
  database    apache
  collection  error_5xx
  capped
  capped_size 50m
</match>

# Count by status code
# sample results: {"unmatched_count":0,"unmatched_rate":0.0,"unmatched_percentage":0.0,"200_count":0,"200_rate":0.0,"200_percentage":0.0,"2xx_count":0,"2xx_rate":0.0,"2xx_percentage":0.0,"301_count":0,"301_rate":0.0,"301_percentage":0.0,"302_count":0,"302_rate":0.0,"302_percentage":0.0,"3xx_count":0,"3xx_rate":0.0,"3xx_percentage":0.0,"403_count":0,"403_rate":0.0,"403_percentage":0.0,"404_count":0,"404_rate":0.0,"404_percentage":0.0,"410_count":0,"410_rate":0.0,"410_percentage":0.0,"4xx_count":0,"4xx_rate":0.0,"4xx_percentage":0.0,"5xx_count":1,"5xx_rate":0.01,"5xx_percentage":100.0}
<match count.apache.access>
  @type datacounter
  unit minute
  outcast_unmatched false
  aggregate all
  tag threshold.apache.access
  count_key code
  pattern1 200 ^200$
  pattern2 2xx ^2\d\d$
  pattern3 301 ^301$
  pattern4 302 ^302$
  pattern5 3xx ^3\d\d$
  pattern6 403 ^403$
  pattern7 404 ^404$
  pattern8 410 ^410$
  pattern9 4xx ^4\d\d$
  pattern10 5xx ^5\d\d$
</match>

# Determine threshold
# sample results: {"pattern":"code_500","target_tag":"apache.access","target_key":"5xx_count","check_type":"numeric_upward","level":"warn","threshold":1.0,"value":1.0,"message_time":"2014-01-28 16:47:39 +0900"}
<match threshold.apache.access>
  @type notifier
  input_tag_remove_prefix threshold
  <def>
    pattern code_500
    check numeric_upward
    warn_threshold  10
    crit_threshold  40
    tag alert.http_5xx_error
    target_key_pattern ^5xx_count$
  </def>
</match>

# Generate message
# sample results: {"message":"HTTP Status warn [5xx_count] apache.access: 1.0 (threshold 1.0)"}
<match alert.http_5xx_error>
  @type deparser
  tag irc.http_5xx_error>
  format_key_names level,target_key,target_tag,value,threshold
  format HTTP Status %s [%s] %s: %s (threshold %s)
  key_name message
  reserve_data no
</match>

# Send IRC message
<match irc.http_5xx_error>
  @type irc
  host localhost
  port 6667
  channel fluentd
  nick fluentd
  user fluentd
  real fluentd
  message %s
  out_keys message
</match>

# Clear tag
<match clear>
  @type null
</match>

FAQ

With rewrite-tag-filter, logs are not forwarded. Why?

If you have following configuration, it doesn't work:

<match app.**>
  @type rewrite_tag_filter
  <rule>
    key     level
    pattern (.+)
    tag     app.$1
  </rule>
<match>

<match app.**>
  @type forward
  # ...
</match>

In this case, rewrite_tag_filter causes infinite loop because fluentd's routing is executed from top to bottom. So you need to change tag like below:

<match app.**>
  @type rewrite_tag_filter
  <rule>
    key     level
    pattern (.+)
    tag     level.app.$1
  </rule>
<match>

<match level.app.**>
  @type forward
  # ...
</match>

If this article is incorrect or outdated, or omits critical information, please let us know. Fluentd is a open source project under Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). All components are available under the Apache 2 License.