Linux Capability

This article shows configuration and dependent gem installation instruction for enabling Linux capability module on Fluentd core.
Prerequisites
gcc and make etc. for building C extension sources
libcap-ng package and its depelopment package
libcap-ng-dev on Debian GNU/Linux and Ubuntu
libcap-ng-devel on CentOS 7/8, Fedora 33, AmazonLinux 2
pkg-config package for linking libcap-ng library
Ruby and its development packages
ruby-dev on Debian GNU/Linux and Ubuntu
ruby-devel on CentOS 7/8, Fedora 33, AmazonLinux 2
Fluentd v1.12 or later
Install capability handling gem
Fluentd uses capng_c gem to handle Linux capability.
So, Add this line to your Fluentd' or td-agent's Gemfile:
gem 'capng_c'
And then execute:
$ bundle
Or install it yourself as for Fluentd:
$ fluent-gem install capng_c
Or install it yourself as for td-agent:
$ td-agent-gem install capng_c
Note: capng_c uses pkg-config to link libcap-ng library. If you couldn't handle Linux capability with capng_c installation, please confirm pgk-config package is installed on your box.
Capability handling on in_tail
Currently, in_tail which is the one of the Fluentd core plugin handles the following Linux capabilities:
CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH (:dac_read_search on in_tail code.)
CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE (:dac_override on in_tail code.)
Set up cap_dac_read_search or cap_dac_override to using Ruby executable:
Using CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
$ sudo fluent-cap-ctl --add dac_read_search [-f /path/to/bin/ruby]
Updating dac_read_search done.
Adding dac_read_search done.
Using CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
$ sudo fluent-cap-ctl --add dac_override [-f /path/to/bin/ruby]
Updating dac_override done.
Adding dac_override done.
Example setting up capability for rbenv-ed Ruby
$ sudo fluent-cap-ctl --add "dac_override,cap_dac_read_search" -f $(rbenv prefix)/bin/ruby
Updating dac_read_search,dac_override done.
Adding dac_read_search,dac_override done.
$ fluent-cap-ctl --get -f $(rbenv prefix)/bin/ruby
Capabilities in '/home/fluentd/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/bin/ruby',
Effective:   dac_override, dac_read_search
Inheritable: dac_override, dac_read_search
Permitted:   dac_override, dac_read_search
Actual Example for Linux capability handling in in_tail
When adding cap_dac_override (partial privileges for rw file) and cap_dac_read_search (partial privileges for read only), Fluentd/td-agent can handle to read 640 permission files such as /var/log/syslog:
$ ls -lh /var/log/syslog
-rw-r----- 1 syslog adm 29K Nov  5 14:35 /var/log/syslog
This file cannot read form ordinal users:
$ cat /var/log/syslog
cat: /var/log/syslog: Permission denied
Attach dac_read_search for using Ruby executable binary:
$ sudo fluent-cap-ctl --add dac_read_search [-f /path/to/bin/ruby]
Updating dac_read_search done.
Adding dac_read_search done.
$ fluent-cap-ctl --get [-f /path/to/bin/ruby]
Capabilities in '/path/to/bin/ruby',
Effective:   dac_read_search
Inheritable: dac_read_search
Permitted:   dac_read_search
And prepare the following configuration:
<source>
  @type tail
  path /var/log/syslog
  pos_file /var/run/fluentd/log/syslog_test_with_capability.pos
  tag test
  rotate_wait 5
  read_from_head true
  refresh_interval 60
  <parse>
    @type syslog
  </parse>
</source>
​
<match test>
  @type stdout
</match>
Make and change ownership directory:
$ sudo mkdir /var/run/fluentd
$ sudo chown `whoami` /var/run/fluentd
Then, run as ordinal user with cap_dac_read_search capability attached Ruby:
$ bundle exec fluentd -c in_tail_camouflage_permission.conf
2020-11-05 14:47:57 +0900 [info]: parsing config file is succeeded path="example/in_tail.conf"
2020-11-05 14:47:57 +0900 [info]: gem 'fluentd' version '1.12.0'
2020-11-05 14:47:57 +0900 [info]: gem 'fluent-plugin-systemd' version '1.0.2'
2020-11-05 14:47:57 +0900 [info]: using configuration file: <ROOT>
  <source>
    @type tail
    path "/var/log/syslog"
    pos_file "/var/run/fluentd/log/syslog_test_with_capability.pos"
    tag "test"
    rotate_wait 5
    read_from_head true
    refresh_interval 60
    <parse>
      @type "syslog"
      unmatched_lines
    </parse>
  </source>
  <match test>
    @type stdout
  </match>
</ROOT>
2020-11-05 14:47:57 +0900 [info]: starting fluentd-1.12.0 pid=12109 ruby="2.6.3"
2020-11-05 14:47:57 +0900 [info]: spawn command to main:  cmdline=["/home/fluentd/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/bin/ruby", "-rbundler/setup", "-Eascii-8bit:ascii-8bit", "/home/fluentd/work/fluentd/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/bin/fluentd", "-c", "example/in_tail.conf", "--under-supervisor"]
2020-11-05 14:47:58 +0900 [info]: adding match pattern="test" type="stdout"
2020-11-05 14:47:58 +0900 [info]: adding source type="tail"
2020-11-05 14:47:58 +0900 [info]: #0 starting fluentd worker pid=12143 ppid=12109 worker=0
2020-11-05 14:47:58 +0900 [info]: #0 following tail of /var/log/syslog
2020-11-05 09:53:11.000000000 +0900 test: {"host":"fluentd-testing","ident":"anacron","pid":"22613","message":"Job `cron.daily' terminated"}
2020-11-05 09:53:11.000000000 +0900 test: {"host":"fluentd-testing","ident":"anacron","pid":"22613","message":"Normal exit (1 job run)"}
2020-11-05 09:55:01.000000000 +0900 test: {"host":"fluentd-testing","ident":"CRON","pid":"24610","message":"(root) CMD (command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1)"}
Fluentd which is running on ordinal user does not complain as Permission denied. Users can retrieve root files' contents on non-root process, yay!
If this article is incorrect or outdated, or omits critical information, please let us know. Fluentd is an open-source project under Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). All components are available under the Apache 2 License.
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